Isafs mission was to enable the afghan authorities and build the capacity of the afghan national security forces to provide effective security, so as to ensure that afghanistan would never again be a safe haven for terrorists. Its major religions are sunni muslim 84%, shia muslim 15%, and other 1%. The history of afghanistan as a state began in 1747 with its establishment by ahmad shah. Genocide and the soviet occupation of afghanistan pdf. Afghanistan is located in southern asia, north and west of pakistan, and east of iran.
In the last quarter of the 20th century, afghanistan suffered the ruinous effects of civil war greatly exacerbated by a military invasion and occupation by the soviet union 197989. This page is no longer being updated as of april 20. The history is almost entirely political and military in nature, recounting shifting dynasties and governments and successive. Afghanistan is in the path of important trade routes that connect southern and eastern asia to europe and the middle east. Afghanistans political and constitutional development overseas. Its high mountains, although hindering unity, helped the hill tribes to preserve their independence. Americas attempt to abolish the taliban in an age when mankind has the ability to completely annihilate itself through nuclear combat, war can be a more terrifying and powerful thought than ever before. The land that is now afghanistan has a long history of domination by foreign conquerors and strife among internally warring factions. History early history the location of afghanistan astride the land routes between the indian subcontinent, iran, and central asia has enticed conquerors throughout history. A historical overview of pakistan from 1947 to 2018 that examines the development of the country in terms of political, socioeconomic, administrative, and foreign policy decisionstrends. A cultural and political history afghanistan traces the historic struggles and the changing nature of political authority in this volatile. Representatives of the ussr, afghanistan, the united states and pakistan sign an agreement calling for the withdrawal of soviet forces from afghanistan.
Most of them lived in neighboring pakistan and iran. Going back to early human civilization, many empires resided in this country. Lessons from afghanistans history for the current transition and. Afghanistan, often called the crossroads of central asia, has had a turbulent history. In subsequent armed struggles, a surviving afghan communist regime held out against islamic insurgents 198992, and. Millions of people left afghanistan to get away from the wars that happened in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. In the late 19th century, afghanistan became a buffer state in the great game. Afghanistan in the course of history by mir gholam m.
To understand afghan society, read before taliban and heroes of the age by david edwards, and afghanistan. Because of this, many empire builders have decided to rule over the area. See also the list of leaders of afghanistan and the list of years in afghanistan. The eleven years of the war in afghanistan was a dangerous period for the national security.
The doctoral dissertations and masters theses listed below are all available online. What led the farc to shift their ideals from fighting for the rights of the poor to running a large drug trafficking empire. It is regrettable fact of the history that from the time of pakistans birth, afghanistan has maintained an attitude of hostile neighbor and pakistan has to live upon with because neighbour cant be changed. Published as part of informa routledge europa world series. In 328 bc, alexander the great entered the territory of presentday afghanistan, then part of the persian empire, and established a hellenistic state in bactria presentday balkh. This countrys history is so vast some experts say that the relics and artifacts are just a grand as the artifacts from egypt.
Essay on afghanistan the current situation in afghanistan is assignment the time is not right for a transition to afghan security forces, according to golali akbari, who is an elected member of the upper house of parliament in afghanistan wendle, 2011, p. Afghanistan has over a hundred year long history in journalism but the route of journalism is still unstable and unclear. To read about the background to these events, see history of afghanistan. On november 2, 1982, a truck explodes in the salang tunnel in afghanistan, killing an estimated 3,000 people, mostly soviet soldiers traveling to kabul. Search the history of over 424 billion web pages on the internet.
Afghanistans history is replete with wars and other violent conflicts, including most recently the more than three decades of foreign occupation, civil war, and. Introduction,politics and cultural information of afghanistan. Pakistan has deep historical, ethnic, religious and sectarian affinities with pakhtoons in afghanistan. This page is designed to show you how to write a research project on the topic you see here. The sovietafghan war began in 1979 and ended in 1989. List of books and articles about afghan history online. Afghanistan has long been a crossroads of world cultures, economies, politics, and militaries. Rands early research on afghanistan examined the 1980s soviet military campaign and the subsequent fundamentalist islamic regime. The written recor ded hist ory of the land presently constit uting afghan istan can be traced back to around 500 bce when the area was unde r the acha emenid. The first historical documents date from the early part of the iranian achaemenian dynasty. In the 2001, us invasion in afghanistan create a taliban emergence in pakistan. At the heart of afghanistan s indifferent attitude towards pakistan. Unlike other histories of afghanistan, this book is not a mere narrative of the reigns of despotic monarchs, but is also a commendable tapestry of the struggles and valour of the people of afghanistan against foreign occupiers and indigenous traitors.
History early afghanistan was known as aryana starting 1st to 5th century, later on became as khurasan which finally changed to afghanistan, afghanistan s capital was kandahar, then the capital of afghanistan changed to kabul, buddhism was one of the major religions in afghanistan during preislamic era. We hope to to provide a brief history of this region from its earliest days until the taliban take power. It provides an abridged history of afghanistan, from the emergence of civilization to the united states overthrow of the taliban in late 2001. The political history of the modern state of afghanistan began with the hotak and durrani dynasties in the 18th century, with ahmad shah abdali being considered as the founder of the state. In subsequent armed struggles, a surviving afghan communist regime. If you have a dissertation or thesis that is available online please send us the link and. The historical record plainly shows that afghan efforts to build a modern liberal democracy. How to write a research paper on afghanistan history. Afghanistan in the course of history is perhaps the only history of afghanistan that has been written by a conscientious historiographer. Afghanistan, officially the islamic republic of afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within southcentral asia. With the arrival of first printing press lithography printing to afghanistan from india in 1873, publications started in the country. Use our sample or order a custom written research paper from paper masters. Afghanistan history, map, flag, capital, population. Afghan culture 2 brief history afghanistan s crossroads position in central asia has subjected it to constant invasion and conquest throughout its long recorded history.
Afghanistan is a country that is rich in history and war. Alexanders successors, the seleucids, continued to infuse the region with greek cultural influence. Afghanistan agrees to new conditions to counter corruption. Americas attempt to abolish the taliban essay examples 637 words 3 pages. Afghanistan is an extremely poor, landlocked country, highly dependent on farming and livestock raising sheep and goats. Ands afghanistan national development strategy anp afghan national police artf afghan reconstruction trust fund cao control and audit office carec central asia regional economic cooperation organization cdc community development council cfca combined forces commandalpha afghanistan cg consultative group cnpa counternarcotics police.
Nato led the unmandated international security assistance force isaf from august 2003 to december 2014. Afghan refugees although the history of afghan migration to iran is much older. An introduction to afghanistan culture researched by linda merrill donald paxson thomas tobey fall 2006. In 1747, ahmad shah durrani unified the pashtun tribes and created the durrani empire, which is considered the beginning of modern afghanistan. There are several books that are excellent in covering different aspects of afghanistan s history. The us war in afghanistan was officially ended december 28, 2014.
This presentation is only meant to be a brief survey of afghanistan history. This is a timeline of afghan history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in afghanistan and its predecessor states. Afghanistan is a weird place and although the taliban rules most of it there is no functioning central government, it is administered by. Online dissertations and theses the afghanistan analyst. Presentation about afghanistan by zainudin noori 1. In the late 19th century, afghanistan became a buffer state buffer between the british indian empire and the russian empire. Starting with the saur revolution military coup, an almost continuous series of armed conflicts has dominated and afflicted afghanistan. Afghanistan simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. How significant was wwii in womens involvement in the united states labor force. Afghanistan has been an area wrapped in violence, religion and turmoil from its earliest days. Challenges and opportunities in afghanistan 5 we would like to thank regional and kabulbased staff from the moe, unicef and international ngos, as well as individuals from private educational initiatives, who spoke openly about a very sensitive topic in exchange for a promise of anonymity.
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